|
|
shenyang city introduction |
| shenyang homepage |
| ·area：12923 square kilometre
·longitude：123° 26' 东 ·latitude：41° 46' 北 ·altitude：43 m ·population：685 0000 ·postcode：110013 ·areacode：024 |
Shenyang (Simplified Chinese: 沈阳 or 渖阳(rare); Traditional Chinese: 瀋陽; pinyin: Shěnyáng, Manchu: Mukden) is the capital city of Liaoning province in Northeast China. It is a sub-provincial city with a population of 7.2 million, 13000 km² (districts area 5.53 million, 7400 km²). Along with its nearby cities, Shenyang is an important industrial center in China. The city was also known as Shengjing 盛京 or Fengtian 奉天. Districts and zones Major districts of Shenyang.Inner City Districts Dadong District (大東區 大东区 Dàdōng Qū) Heping District (和平區 和平区 Hépíng Qū) Huanggu District (皇姑區 皇姑区 Huánggū Qū) Shenhe District (瀋河區 沈河区 Shěnhé Qū) Tiexi District (鐵西區 铁西区 Tiěxī Qū) Outer Districts and Areas Yuhong District (於洪區 于洪区 Yúhóng Qū) Sujiatun District (蘇家屯區 苏家屯区Sūjiātún Qū) Dongling District (東陵區 东陵区 Dōnglíng Qū) (東陵 Meaning East Tomb, burial site of Nurhaci) Shenbei New District (瀋北新區 沈北新区 Shěnběi Xīn Qū) (Called New City District 新城子區 until October 2006) Xinmin Town (新民市 Xīnmín Shi) Faku County (法库縣 法库县 Fǎkù Xiàn) Kangping County (康平縣 康平县 Kāngpíng Xiàn) Liaozhong County (遼中縣 辽中县 Liáozhōng Xiàn) History The city’s name, Shenyang, comes from the old name of the Hun River on the city’s south side, which used to be called Shen River. Archaeological findings show that human beings resided in present day Shenyang as early as 7,200 years ago. City of Shenyang was first established by Chinkai, a general of Yan state in the Warring States period about 300 B.C. It was named as Houcheng (Chinese: 候城) at that time. During the Tang Dynasty, it became the Gaimou prefecture (Chinese:蓋牟州). It became the Shen perfeture (瀋州) in the Jin Dynasty and ShenyangLu (Chinese:瀋陽路) in the Yuan Dynasty. During the Ming Dynasty, it became Shenyang Zhongwei(Chinese:瀋陽中衛). In 1625 the Manchu leader Nurhaci moved his capital to Shenyang, or Simiyan hoton as it is called in Manchu. The official name was changed to Shengjing 盛京 in Chinese, or Mukden in Manchu 1634. The name derives from the Manchu word, mukdembi, meaning "to rise", and this is reflected by its Chinese name, which means "rising capital". Shenyang remained the capital of the Qing Dynasty until the overthrow of the Ming dynasty, and relocation of the capital to Beijing in 1644. However, it retained considerable prestige as the older capital, treasures of the royal house were kept at its palaces, and the tombs of the early Qing rulers were once among the most famous monuments in China. In 1657, Fengtian Prefecture (Chinese: 奉天府; Pinyin: Fèngtiān fǔ; Manchu: Abkai imiyangga fu or Fungtyian) was established in the Shenyang area, and Fengtian was sometimes used synonymously with Shenyang/Mukden. In 1914, the city changed back to its old name Shenyang. However, Shenyang continued to be known as Mukden in English sources (sometimes spelled Moukden) through much of the 20th century. With the building of the South Manchurian Railway, Mukden became a Russian stronghold. During the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), Mukden was the site of the Battle of Mukden from on 19 February -10 March 1905. It was the largest battle of the world when it was fought. Following the Japanese victory, the Japanese concession at Mukden was one of the chief bases for Japanese economic expansion into southern Manchuria. It was also the seat of the Chinese viceroy of the three Manchurian provinces. In the 1920s, Mukden was the capital of the warlord Chang Tso-lin, who was killed when his train was blown up near Mukden at a Japanese-guarded railway bridge. The Mukden Incident (18 September 1931), which gave the Japanese an impetus to create the Manchukuo state, took place near Shenyang. During the Manchukuo era (1932-1945) the city was called Fengtian again. Soviet forces occupied Shenyang in early August 1945 on the surrender of Japan. The Soviets were replaced by the Nationalist Chinese, who were flown in on US transport planes. During the Chinese Civil War, Shenyang remained a Kuomintang stronghold from 1946-1948, although the Chinese communists controlled the surrounding countryside. It was captured by the communists on 30 October 1948 following a series of offensives. Since 1949, Shenyang developed into a major industrial center. Many of the major industrial companies have their headquarters located in Shenyang, such as Brilliance Auto and their production plants. Also the Shenyang Aviation Company which produces airplanes for civilian uses as well as for military for the PLAAF. The Shenyang Incident Some schools in Shenyang, China have banned the manga "Death Note"after some of their students started to tease friends and teachers by altering a stationery notebook to resemble a Death Note and writing names of people they didn't like in it. The newspaper Shenyang Night Report called Death Note, "Poison, creating wicked hearts." Others however, including one major Chinese newspaper, feel that the ban is an over-reaction and is inappropriate. The over-reaction could be considered similar to the over-reaction found in the UK and U.S. regarding violent video games.[1] Ethnic Groups Shenyang has 38 of China's 56 recognised ethnic groups, including the Han Chinese majority that make up 91.26% of Shenyang's population. The 37 minority groups are Manchu (滿族), Korean {朝鮮族), Muslim Hui (回族), Xibe (錫伯族), Mongolian (蒙古族), Zhuang (壯族), Miao (苗族), Tujia (土家族), Dong (侗族), Daur (達斡爾族), Bai (白族), Uygur (維吾爾族), Tibetan (藏族), Yi (彝族), Taiwanese Aboriginal People (高山族), She (畲族), Buyi (布依族), Yao (瑶族), Akha (哈尼族), Kazak (哈薩克族), Dai (傣族), Li (黎族), Shui (水族), Nakhi (納西族), Jingpo (景頗族), Kyrgyz (柯爾克孜族), Tu (土族), Mulam (仫佬族), Qiang (羌族) Maonan (毛南族), Gelao (仡佬族), Russian (俄羅斯族), Evenks (鄂温克族), Tatar (塔塔爾族), Oroqen (鄂倫春族), Nanai (赫哲族), Lhoba (珞巴族)[2]. Most of these groups are not native to the Shenyang area, but some, like the Manchus and the Xibe, are. There is a very strong Korean influence in the city making Korean the second most spoken language in Shenyang. Tourism Heping District (和平區 Hépíng Qū) Mao Statue at Zhongshan SquareSimplified Chinese: 和平区 The downtown Heping district has all manner of businesses that are brightly lit by neon at night. At the center of the district, is the famous Zhongshan Square, featuring one of China's largest statues of Chairman Mao. To this day, flowers are still placed around a large statue of Chairman Mao around the holidays. Dadong District (大東區 Dàdōng Qū) Simplified Chinese: 大东区 Dadong District is the home of the 9.18 Museum and the Northern Pagoda. It is the largest district of the urban Shenyang city area. Shopping areas A busy commercial thoroughfare.There are several shopping areas in Shenyang. One of the districts, Taiyuan Street, (Chinese: 太原街), features western-style shopping and dining, including a Wal-mart, a Pizza Hut (which is very different from those located in North America since it is designed for premium dining, possessing an upscale interior design and a much large staff), consumer electronics stores, and a number of large, multi-story department stores selling products from around the world. Another area, Wu'ai Market, (Traditional Chinese: 五愛市場, Simplified Chinese: 五爱市场), features a large multi-story shopping center with a size comparable to that of many city blocks. It contains hundreds, if not thousands, of mini or boutique stores that open very early in the morning and close in the early afternoon. It is famous for cheap clothes and household stuff. A large area of the market moved inside a new building in 2005. In early 2006 it shifted its opening times by one and a half hours so to open and close later. There is also another area located in the center of the city, Middle Street, (Chinese: 中街), which is similar to Taiyuan Street. It features one of the largest department stores in Shenyang. There are also a number of large superstores located throughout the city that sells everything from meat and dairy to clothes and electronics. Huanggu District (皇姑區 Huánggū Qū) Simplified Chinese: 皇姑区 Huanggu district is the site of the large, historical tomb of Huang Taiji (of the Qing Dynasty), called Beiling park (Chinese: 北陵公園). The park covers an area of 3,300,000 sq. meters, and is serviced by trams for visitors who do not wish to (or cannot) traverse the length of the park. Huanggu district also hosts the Liaoning Mansion Hotel. Beiling park Shenhe District (瀋河區 Shěnhé Qū) Simplified Chinese: 沈河区 Shenhe District is the site of the Mukden Palace, a former imperial palace of the Qing emperors, now a museum and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is also the site of Zhang Zuolin's former home and headquarters, Shengjing Ancient Cultural Street, and Gloria Plaza, a high-end hotel. Tiexi District (鐵西區 Tiěxī Qū) Simplified Chinese: 铁西区 This mixed-use district contains large blocks of residential complexes, as well as strips of small to medium-sized shopping. It recently featured in a documentary called West of the Tracks (the literal meaning of Tiexi) by the young filmmaker Wang Bing [1]. Tiexi is also home to the Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Area, a state-level development zone. This new development area combined with Tiexi District has a population of 1 million people, a total area of 126 km², and enjoys the same administrative rank as municipality. (Administrative Committee of Shenyang) Transportation Shenyang is served by air, rail, and an extensive network of streets and expressways, with bus service throughout the city. Shenyang is connected by a major expressway, the Jingshen 6 lane Expressway, to the city of Beijing, some 658 kilometers away. The city is also served by the Shenyang Taoxian International Airport (瀋陽桃仙國際機場, airport code SHE), as well as by several smaller, regional airports. Direct flights from Shenyang goes to Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Seoul, Tokyo, Frankfurt, Sydney, Los Angeles and other cities. The Shen-Da Expressway connecting Shenyang and Dalian is the first expressway ever built in China. It is the fastest highway (8 lane) linking one of the largest port city to Shenyang. In Shenyang, there are more than 150 bus routes. In November 2005 the City announced the start of construction of the Shenyang Metro subway line. The first (east-west) line should be finished in 2011. Construction is made hard by the rocky ground on which Shenyang is built. Sports The local soccer team is the Shenyang Jinde, in the Chinese Super League. Education System Shenyang has many schools, both public and private. There are also a number of privately-operated training centres that provide additional English skills. Shenyang International School provides primary and secondary education for expatriates, using the American SAT system. Shenyang, with a population of 6.73 million and covering an area of 8,515 square kilometres, is the capital of Liaoning Province and China's fifth largest city.This city is located on the alluvial plains of the Liaohe and Hunhe Rivers, with beautiful scenary. Being the center of communication, commerce, science and culture in northeast China, Shenyang has advanced railway and highway system, which connects with nearby steel-city Anshan, coal-city Fushun, iron-city Benxi, electricity-city Fuxin, forming a concentrated industrial city group. Industrial output of Shenyang including machinery, aircraft, trams, textiles, pharmaceuticals, rubber products-you name it rivals that of Shanghai. The latest products can be viewed at the Liaoning Industrial Exhibition Hall, and factory visits are on the group-tour agenda. Geographical Information Location: located between 122°25' - 123°48' east longitude and 41°11' - 43°2' north latitude, in the southern part of northeast china, and the inland area of Liaodong peninsula, north of the Bohai Sea and southwest of the Changbai Mountains, is the center of Liaoning Province. Geographical Features: situated between the Changbai Mountain and Pohai Sea, on the alluvial plains of the Liaohe and Hunhe Rivers, mostly covered by plain, with some small hills in the southeast. Population: 6.73 million Urban Population: 4.76 million Area: 8,515 sq km Nationalities: Han, Hui, Manchu, Corea, Xibo and Mongolian History: can be traced back to 7200 years ago Climatic Features: located in the North Temperate Zone with continental climate; 4 distinct seasons Average Temperature: 8.6℃with the lowest of -23.0℃ and the highest of 31.4℃ Local Highlights: Shenyang Acrobats History Introduction Shenyang is a distinctive city with many historical relics. As the cradle of the Manchus, started as a trading centre for nomads in as far back as the 11th century, and later was established as the capital in the 17th century. After the Manchus conquered and moved into Beijing in 1644, Shenyang became a secondary capital of Qing Dynasty under the Manchu name of Mukden, and a centre of the ginseng trade. Its Imperial Palace (gugong) stands as evidence of that period. The main structures were started by Nurhachi and completed in 1636 by his son, Huang Taiji (1592-1643), who founded the Qing Dynasty. The palace now functions as a museum, with exhibitions of ivory and jade artifacts, musical instruments, furniture and the Ming and Qing paintings. A sustainable development city Shenyang is one of the 15 sustainable developing cities in the world. In October 1997, Global City Sustainable Development Plan 1997 Annual Meeting was held in Shenyang by the United Nations, on which Shenyang Declaration was passed. In 1998 Shenyang was awarded Habitat Scroll of Honor by the United Nations. UN Deputy Secretary Mr. Claus Topfer came to Shenyang to attend International Environment Workshop in 1999 and signed the memorandum of understanding on behalf of UNEP and UNCHS with Shenyang Municipal Government. Shenyang, the "Eastern Ruhr", is no longer short of "water or green". Dark smoke out of factories is hard to find. It has stepped out of the world top ten seriously polluted cities as assessment on ambient air of global large cities conducted by World Resource Research Institution. It was appraised as an excellent tourist city by the state in 1998. And in April 2000, itwon the "International Local Action Award" ,which is awarded by International Local Environmental Protection Committee. Complete Infrastructures For years Shenyang has been devoting to the construction of urban infrastructures and has greatly improved such infrastructures as municipal works, transportation, communication, energy and environmental protection etc. Transportation and Post Service: Shenyang is an important hub of transportation and communication in the northeast of China. Taoxian International Airport will be built into the fourth largest airport in China. The current 78 airlines lead directly to main domestic cities and international airlines reach directly to Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Russia, Singapore, Thailand and Hongkong etc., which totals 26,000 sorties annually. Railroad density tops the first in China with the first class modern passenger station and marshalling yard in our country, joining the most important passenger and goods transportation hubs in all places of China. The highway totals 5252 kilometers, which includes expressway 236 kilometers.The round-the-city expressway joins with Shenyang-Dalian, Shenyang-Fushun, Shenyang-Benxi, Shenyang-Tieling and Shenyang-Shanhaiguan expressways, which constitutes an expressway network of "one round and five radiations". Watercourse leads Shenyang-Dalian Expressway to Yingkou in two hours and to Dalian in four hours. Public Transportation: The total road length in urban districts iss 1668kilometers covering an area of 28.660 million sq. m.. There are 174 permanent bridges and the No. 2 Round-the-city Highway, which formed an urban road system with relatively complete functions. Water supply system in the city is complete. The largest demagnetization water plant is capable of supplying 1.630 million tons of water a day. Gas rate covers 97.6% in the city. Daily gas supply capacity is 1.28 million cubic meters. Shenyang is the place where the northeast power network situated. The annual power consumption can be as large as 11.50 billion kWh. Heat supply covers 86 million sq. m. in urban districts and over 90% of the residence can get the heat through pipes. Urban forestation covers 25%, which is 4.7 sq. m. of green land for each person. Urban Construction: There are 530 architectural design and construction enterprises in Shenyang, which are capable of researching, designing, constructing and assisting in auxiliary work. In the last year, the investment of real estate development and construction amounts to RMB 8.5 billion. House construction covers 131.32 million m2 which with 5.72 million m2. completed. Living area averaged by the population is 8.79 sq. m. Tourism North Tomb (beiling) is the imperial tomb of Huang Taiji. Setting in a huge park, the North Tomb is the finest sight in Shenyang, The tomb took eight years to build, and the impressive aminal statues on the approach to it are reminiscent of the Ming tombs. Fuling Tomb Located approximately 7 miles east of Shenyang, Fuling is the tomb of Nurhachi and his empress - the former founded the Manchurian Empire and the Qing dynasty. Coming Into the tomb would require one to pass a sacred way that is flanked by stone camels, lions and horses, which further leads to a 108-step stairway. Beyond the stairway, is the walled city in which the emperor was buried. Built in 1651, the tomb is still well preserved to this day. Shenyang Imperial Palace: Near one of Shenyang's shopping area is the Shenyang Imperial palace, which is an excellently well-preserved cultural relic. In 1625, Nurhaci began the construction of the palace and it was completed in 1636 under Abahai's reign. Although it is considered a miniature of the Forbidden City in Beijing, the Palace comparatively is smaller in scale. The Manchurian influence behind its construction also shows a vast departure in style from its predecessor. Zhongshan Square The main architecture on the central axis is the Chong Zheng Dian, where Abahai attended to his political affairs. This is the hall where Juchen was renamed Manchu. Behind is the three towers Feng Huang Lou (Phoenix Tower), and Qing Ning Gong (Palace of Celestial Peace) in which Abahai and his concubines lived. Da Zheng Dian (Hall of Great Affairs) is the mail architecture on the east axis. In front of the hall, there are eight pavilions for the Manchurian tribal lords to gather for discussion of state affairs and other important ceremonies. |
|